Varicocele in the lower limb is the persistent expansion of the vein and the prolongation of the vein, which occurs due to severe changes in its walls and the inadequacy of its valve equipment due to genetic defects.
Women's susceptibility is periodically increased through the extension of the venous wall and the concentration of the hormone progesterone increases.
reason
The main factor of varicose veins is the genetic weakness of the blood vessel wall.
In addition, human lifestyle is crucial in pathogenesis:
- Work for a long time, stand or sit;
- Lack of regular physical fatigue;
- weightlifting;
- Receive estrogen medication.
The risk of lower limb veins increases with age.But more and more patients are 30 years younger.
Varicocele manifestations
In most cases, patients have varicose veins and are worried about severity, outbreaks, calories, itchy skin, leg anxiety and pain, pulsational pain in the calf muscles.One characteristic of these signs is that they appear after standing for a long time.Often, when walking, lying, resting at night, or walking after using medical compression products, unpleasant feelings are completely transmitted, or their intensity is greatly reduced.
An important sign of the disease is cramps in the calf muscles, which usually occur at night.
The subcutaneous veins expand in the form of convincing blue conglomerates along the lower legs and thighs.Unfortunately, there is a view that vascular stars are manifestations of varicose veins.However, it is worth noting that this is not an absolute sign of the disease, and in many ways it is purely a problem with cosmetics.Such signs can carry varicose veins in the skin, but in most cases it is also found in healthy people.
As the varicose veins develop, the skin of the lower leg is invaded.Initially, excessive staining areas occur, and soon after the subcutaneous tissue and skin are compacted, which obtains a characteristic "paint" appearance.In the center of the painted area of the skin, responding to minimal damage, a small white area resembles the Starin drop.This is what So calls white skin atrophy, and then opens up nutritional ulcers.
Skin that violates the skin is a sign of chronic venous deficiency, which also includes symmetrical edema on the legs.
diagnosis
Ultrasound scan (color double-stranded scan; triple-ring scan) - The "gold standard" for diagnosing varicose veins in the lower limbs.Ultrasound experts must be sure to check the blood vessels on both sides of the legs.He evaluates its diameter, compressibility, characteristics of blood flow and values of reflux (reverse blood flow).The work of evaluating the VA valve is not only performed in the patient's position when lying, but also standing.
Varicocele in the lower limbs
The same symptoms may be signs of various diseases, which may not occur according to textbooks.Don't try to be treated - consult your doctor.
Modern therapies for varicose veins include surgical intervention, sclerotherapy, compression therapy, and the use of various medications.
Operation
Surgical treatment is the only way to reliably improve quality of life, reduce the risk of complications and the possibility of disease recurrence.It includes removing varicose veins.There are two interventions:
- Thermal Prison - Minimally invasive (sliced-free) treatment using laser or radio frequency sensors;
- Traditional surgical interventions involve resection of varicose veins.Currently, the technology for such interventions has been fully developed and allows you to obtain good functional and cosmetic results.
Sclerotherapy is considered a surgical treatment method respectively.It successfully supplements, in some cases (the initial stage of varicose veins) replacing the surgery.The process is to introduce a special drug into the varicose vein, sticking it from the inside.
Compression treatment of varicose veins
Elastic bandages: Pros and cons
Compression therapy is a mandatory component of any method of treating varicose veins and is the most effective way to prevent varicose veins.
For compression treatments, elastic bandages are most commonly used, which are divided into 3 categories according to the degree of stretching:
- Short (bandage overlap not exceeds 70% of the initial size);
- Average (initial length increase range, stretch range between 70-140%);
- Long (140% and higher) scalability.
There are necessary categories on the packaging of bandages, which are essential features for the correct selection of products.
It is recommended to use a long bandage during the recent postoperative period to prevent blood and reliable bandage fixation.To ensure the best treatment compression regimen, the most suitable bandage is the most suitable.
When using elastic bandages, the following rules should be followed:
- Apply a bandage, extending your feet into “self” to prevent wrinkles in the ankle area from forming, which can damage the skin when moved;
- Bending always starts with the joints of the fingers of the foot and then captures the heels.
- The pressure of the bandage must be weakened smoothly from the ankle to the thigh;
- The bandage roll is not wrapped, and it is near the skin.
- The cylindrical contour of the limb is achieved by placing foam or latex pads.
Most patients with varicose veins should use elastic bandages throughout the day, lift them from bed in the morning, and shoot at night before night breaks.To treat nutritional ulcers, multi-layer compression bandages can be used, which will not be removed for a long time, and are directly in contact with the affected area of the lower leg skin directly through bandages impregnated with drugs (zinvitin and other dressings).
Despite its high efficiency, compression treatment with elastic bandages is obviously unfavorable - resulting in physical and aesthetic inconvenience, and in addition, it is difficult for older people to observe all the rules on their own.
Compression knitted garments
Special compressed knitted garments make them popular.It consists of four compression categories of socks on stockings, lower and upper thighs, and leggings (including special leggings for pregnant women).
This knitted fabric is made of cotton, natural rubber - elastic rubber and synthetic rubber.Natural fibers are optimal for skin sensitivity and impact (varicose veins, dermatitis, nutritional diseases).As for synthetic fibers, their advantages are small quantities of diameters and various colors that allow for medical knitted garments with high aesthetic properties.
Drug treatment for varicose veins
The main goal of drug therapy is to eliminate subjective symptoms of intravenous insufficiency and prevent and reduce side effects after surgical intervention.
One of the most common drugs is a drug with the active substance diosmine.Usually, a week after the start of reception, positive motivation occurs: nighttime cramps, pain, severity passing, and reduced swelling.It is believed that the minimum duration of the course should be at least 2 months.In severe varicose veins, taking the medication can last up to six months or more.
Ointment and gel
The simplicity of use and the relative inexpensiveness of ointments and gels make them very popular among patients and doctors.A serious disadvantage of uncontrolled use of topical medications is the high frequency of skin complications, whose forms of peeling, dermatitis and eczema are caused by sensitivity caused by long-term use of the same treatment.
Therefore, topical medications (oints, gels, butter) are not recommended as a prevention and without the symptoms of chronic venous disease.
Heparin-based products are some popular drugs.Use 3-4 times a day.At the beginning of use, skin irritation and peeling can be performed in the drug use site.
Additional treatments
Physical therapy is common in the Russian Federation.To cope with symptoms of varicose veins in the lower limbs, such as pain and cramps in the calf muscles, you can use the method of electrical muscle stimulation.There is no evidence of the effectiveness of treatment of the disease in other physical therapy approaches.
Prevent varicose veins
For all patients with varicose veins, rational tissue of labor and rest is necessary.This category of patients is not recommended because of work related to the effects of prolonged stay or sitting posture, weight lifting and high temperatures.At work and at home, they need regular holidays at an angle of 15-20 degrees (and during sleep it is recommended to raise the end of the bed's feet above the heart level), rational nutrition does not include consumption of spicy and salty foods as well as alcohol.Weight should be strictly controlled because obesity can lead to the progression of the disease.
Under elastic compression, mobile exercises (skiing, cycling) can be provided by swimming, for venous outflow of the lower limbs and for muscle training.